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| 1 | <?php |
| 2 | |
| 3 | declare(strict_types=1); |
| 4 | |
| 5 | namespace LambdaTwelve\OneRecord\JsonLd; |
| 6 | |
| 7 | use InvalidArgumentException; |
| 8 | use LambdaTwelve\OneRecord\Rdf\BlankNode; |
| 9 | use LambdaTwelve\OneRecord\Rdf\Graph; |
| 10 | use LambdaTwelve\OneRecord\Rdf\Iri; |
| 11 | use LambdaTwelve\OneRecord\Rdf\Literal; |
| 12 | use LambdaTwelve\OneRecord\Rdf\Term; |
| 13 | use LambdaTwelve\OneRecord\Rdf\Triple; |
| 14 | |
| 15 | /** |
| 16 | * Turns a compacted JSON-LD document into triples. |
| 17 | * |
| 18 | * Supported: one inline object @context at the root, @id, @type (string or |
| 19 | * list), properties as terms, compact IRIs or absolute IRIs, native scalars, |
| 20 | * value objects (@value with @type or @language), arrays as multi-valued |
| 21 | * properties, embedded objects (blank nodes or identified nodes) and |
| 22 | * references ({"@id": ...}). Everything else raises JsonLdException, because |
| 23 | * a construct this reader does not model (lists, reverse properties, named |
| 24 | * graphs, nested contexts, remote contexts) cannot be processed faithfully. |
| 25 | * |
| 26 | * Blank nodes are labelled in document order, so the same document always |
| 27 | * expands to the same graph. |
| 28 | */ |
| 29 | final class Expander |
| 30 | { |
| 31 | private const array REJECTED_KEYWORDS = [ |
| 32 | '@graph' => 'A @graph inside a node (named graphs)', |
| 33 | '@list' => 'Ordered lists (@list)', |
| 34 | '@set' => '@set', |
| 35 | '@reverse' => 'Reverse properties (@reverse)', |
| 36 | '@nest' => '@nest', |
| 37 | '@index' => '@index', |
| 38 | '@included' => '@included', |
| 39 | '@json' => 'JSON literals (@json)', |
| 40 | '@direction' => '@direction', |
| 41 | '@container' => '@container', |
| 42 | ]; |
| 43 | |
| 44 | private int $counter = 0; |
| 45 | |
| 46 | /** @var array<string, BlankNode> document blank node label => node */ |
| 47 | private array $documentBlankNodes = []; |
| 48 | |
| 49 | /** |
| 50 | * @param array<string, mixed> $document a decoded JSON object |
| 51 | * @param Iri|list<Iri>|null $preferredRoot the node(s) to treat as the document's subject when it is a flat @graph, in order of preference |
| 52 | */ |
| 53 | public function expand(array $document, Iri|array|null $preferredRoot = null): ExpandedDocument |
| 54 | { |
| 55 | $this->counter = 0; |
| 56 | $this->documentBlankNodes = []; |
| 57 | $graph = new Graph(); |
| 58 | $context = Context::fromRaw($document['@context'] ?? null); |
| 59 | unset($document['@context']); |
| 60 | if (\array_key_exists('@graph', $document)) { |
| 61 | return new ExpandedDocument($graph, $this->flatGraph($document, $context, $graph, $preferredRoot instanceof Iri ? [$preferredRoot] : ($preferredRoot ?? [])), $context); |
| 62 | } |
| 63 | $root = $this->node($document, '', $context, $graph); |
| 64 | |
| 65 | return new ExpandedDocument($graph, $root, $context); |
| 66 | } |
| 67 | |
| 68 | /** |
| 69 | * A top-level @graph is the flattened form of one document: a list of |
| 70 | * nodes referencing each other by @id (NE:ONE answers this way for any |
| 71 | * object with embedded nodes). Every node joins the same graph; the root |
| 72 | * is the first preferred node present, else the top-level @id, else the one |
| 73 | * node nothing else references, else the first. A caller that knows which |
| 74 | * identities it would accept names them all up front, so a cyclic graph |
| 75 | * cannot make the choice depend on node order (R3-004). |
| 76 | * |
| 77 | * @param array<string, mixed> $document |
| 78 | * @param list<Iri> $preferredRoots |
| 79 | */ |
| 80 | private function flatGraph(array $document, Context $context, Graph $graph, array $preferredRoots): Iri|BlankNode |
| 81 | { |
| 82 | foreach (array_keys($document) as $key) { |
| 83 | if (!\in_array($key, ['@graph', '@id'], true)) { |
| 84 | throw JsonLdException::unsupported((string) $key, 'A property next to a top-level @graph'); |
| 85 | } |
| 86 | } |
| 87 | $nodes = $document['@graph']; |
| 88 | if (!\is_array($nodes) || !array_is_list($nodes) || $nodes === []) { |
| 89 | throw JsonLdException::at('@graph', '@graph must be a non-empty array of node objects'); |
| 90 | } |
| 91 | $subjects = []; |
| 92 | foreach ($nodes as $index => $node) { |
| 93 | if (!\is_array($node) || array_is_list($node)) { |
| 94 | throw JsonLdException::at('@graph[' . $index . ']', 'Every @graph entry must be a node object'); |
| 95 | } |
| 96 | /** @var array<string, mixed> $node */ |
| 97 | $subjects[] = $this->node($node, '@graph[' . $index . ']', $context, $graph); |
| 98 | } |
| 99 | foreach ($preferredRoots as $preferred) { |
| 100 | if ($graph->about($preferred) !== []) { |
| 101 | return $preferred; |
| 102 | } |
| 103 | } |
| 104 | if (\is_string($document['@id'] ?? null) && $document['@id'] !== '') { |
| 105 | $named = $this->identifier($document['@id'], '@id', $context); |
| 106 | if ($graph->about($named) !== []) { |
| 107 | return $named; |
| 108 | } |
| 109 | } |
| 110 | $referenced = []; |
| 111 | foreach ($graph as $triple) { |
| 112 | if ($triple->object instanceof Iri || $triple->object instanceof BlankNode) { |
| 113 | $referenced[$triple->object->toNTriples()] = true; |
| 114 | } |
| 115 | } |
| 116 | $unreferenced = array_values(array_filter($subjects, static fn(Iri|BlankNode $s): bool => !isset($referenced[$s->toNTriples()]))); |
| 117 | |
| 118 | return \count($unreferenced) === 1 ? $unreferenced[0] : $subjects[0]; |
| 119 | } |
| 120 | |
| 121 | /** |
| 122 | * @param array<string, mixed> $object |
| 123 | */ |
| 124 | private function node(array $object, string $path, Context $context, Graph $graph): Iri|BlankNode |
| 125 | { |
| 126 | if (\array_key_exists('@context', $object)) { |
| 127 | throw JsonLdException::unsupported(self::join($path, '@context'), 'A @context inside an embedded object'); |
| 128 | } |
| 129 | if (\array_key_exists('@value', $object)) { |
| 130 | throw JsonLdException::at($path, 'A value object (@value) cannot carry other properties'); |
| 131 | } |
| 132 | |
| 133 | $subject = $this->subjectOf($object, $path, $context); |
| 134 | |
| 135 | foreach ($object as $key => $value) { |
| 136 | $here = self::join($path, $key); |
| 137 | if ($key === '@id') { |
| 138 | continue; |
| 139 | } |
| 140 | if ($key === '@type') { |
| 141 | foreach ($this->strings($value, $here) as $type) { |
| 142 | $graph->add(new Triple($subject, new Iri(Graph::RDF_TYPE), new Iri($context->expandIri($type, $here, vocabRelative: true)))); |
| 143 | } |
| 144 | continue; |
| 145 | } |
| 146 | if (str_starts_with($key, '@')) { |
| 147 | throw JsonLdException::unsupported($here, self::REJECTED_KEYWORDS[$key] ?? "The keyword {$key}"); |
| 148 | } |
| 149 | |
| 150 | $predicate = new Iri($context->expandIri($key, $here, vocabRelative: true)); |
| 151 | $coercion = $context->coercionOfTerm($key); |
| 152 | $values = \is_array($value) && array_is_list($value) ? $value : [$value]; |
| 153 | foreach ($values as $index => $item) { |
| 154 | if ($item === null) { |
| 155 | continue; |
| 156 | } |
| 157 | $itemPath = \is_array($value) && array_is_list($value) ? $here . '[' . $index . ']' : $here; |
| 158 | if (\is_array($item) && array_is_list($item)) { |
| 159 | throw JsonLdException::unsupported($itemPath, 'A nested array (list of lists)'); |
| 160 | } |
| 161 | $graph->add(new Triple($subject, $predicate, $this->valueTerm($item, $itemPath, $coercion, $context, $graph))); |
| 162 | } |
| 163 | } |
| 164 | |
| 165 | return $subject; |
| 166 | } |
| 167 | |
| 168 | /** |
| 169 | * @param array<string, mixed> $object |
| 170 | */ |
| 171 | private function subjectOf(array $object, string $path, Context $context): Iri|BlankNode |
| 172 | { |
| 173 | if (!\array_key_exists('@id', $object)) { |
| 174 | return $this->freshBlankNode(); |
| 175 | } |
| 176 | $id = $object['@id']; |
| 177 | if (!\is_string($id) || $id === '') { |
| 178 | throw JsonLdException::at(self::join($path, '@id'), '@id must be a non-empty string'); |
| 179 | } |
| 180 | |
| 181 | return $this->identifier($id, self::join($path, '@id'), $context); |
| 182 | } |
| 183 | |
| 184 | private function identifier(string $id, string $path, Context $context): Iri|BlankNode |
| 185 | { |
| 186 | if (str_starts_with($id, '_:')) { |
| 187 | $label = substr($id, 2); |
| 188 | if ($label === '' || preg_match('/^[A-Za-z0-9_][A-Za-z0-9_.-]*$/', $label) !== 1) { |
| 189 | throw JsonLdException::at($path, \sprintf('"%s" is not a valid blank node identifier', $id)); |
| 190 | } |
| 191 | |
| 192 | // Document labels are kept apart from generated ones so neither can collide. |
| 193 | return $this->documentBlankNodes[$label] ??= new BlankNode('n_' . $label); |
| 194 | } |
| 195 | $iri = $context->expandIri($id, $path, vocabRelative: false); |
| 196 | try { |
| 197 | return new Iri($iri); |
| 198 | } catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) { |
| 199 | throw JsonLdException::at($path, \sprintf('"%s" is not a valid IRI', $iri)); |
| 200 | } |
| 201 | } |
| 202 | |
| 203 | /** |
| 204 | * @param ?string $coercion "@id", a datatype IRI, or null, from the context's term definition |
| 205 | */ |
| 206 | private function valueTerm(mixed $value, string $path, ?string $coercion, Context $context, Graph $graph): Term |
| 207 | { |
| 208 | if (\is_string($value)) { |
| 209 | if ($coercion === Context::JSON_LD_ID) { |
| 210 | return $this->identifier($value, $path, $context); |
| 211 | } |
| 212 | if ($coercion !== null) { |
| 213 | return new Literal($value, $coercion); |
| 214 | } |
| 215 | |
| 216 | return $context->language !== null ? new Literal($value, null, $context->language) : Literal::string($value); |
| 217 | } |
| 218 | if (\is_float($value) && !is_finite($value)) { |
| 219 | // json_decode turns 1e400 into INF; RDF has no lexical form for it (AR-023). |
| 220 | throw JsonLdException::at($path, 'A number must be finite'); |
| 221 | } |
| 222 | if (\is_bool($value) || \is_int($value) || \is_float($value)) { |
| 223 | // @id coercion applies to strings; a native number or boolean under such a term is the |
| 224 | // value it is (value expansion, R8-003). A datatype coercion applies to natives too (R7-003). |
| 225 | if ($coercion !== null && $coercion !== Context::JSON_LD_ID) { |
| 226 | // A term's datatype coerces native values too (value expansion), not only strings (R7-003). |
| 227 | return $coercion === Literal::XSD_DOUBLE && !\is_bool($value) ? Literal::double((float) $value) : new Literal(self::lexical($value), $coercion); |
| 228 | } |
| 229 | if (\is_bool($value)) { |
| 230 | return Literal::boolean($value); |
| 231 | } |
| 232 | |
| 233 | return \is_int($value) ? Literal::integer($value) : Literal::double($value); |
| 234 | } |
| 235 | if (!\is_array($value)) { |
| 236 | throw JsonLdException::at($path, 'Unsupported JSON value of type ' . get_debug_type($value)); |
| 237 | } |
| 238 | /** @var array<string, mixed> $value */ |
| 239 | if (\array_key_exists('@value', $value)) { |
| 240 | return $this->valueObject($value, $path, $context); |
| 241 | } |
| 242 | if (\array_key_exists('@id', $value) && \count($value) <= 2 && (\count($value) === 1 || \array_key_exists('@type', $value))) { |
| 243 | // A reference, possibly typed: {"@id": X, "@type": T}. Its type is a fact about X. |
| 244 | $node = $this->subjectOf($value, $path, $context); |
| 245 | if (\array_key_exists('@type', $value)) { |
| 246 | foreach ($this->strings($value['@type'], self::join($path, '@type')) as $type) { |
| 247 | $graph->add(new Triple($node, new Iri(Graph::RDF_TYPE), new Iri($context->expandIri($type, self::join($path, '@type'), vocabRelative: true)))); |
| 248 | } |
| 249 | } |
| 250 | |
| 251 | return $node; |
| 252 | } |
| 253 | |
| 254 | return $this->node($value, $path, $context, $graph); |
| 255 | } |
| 256 | |
| 257 | /** |
| 258 | * @param array<string, mixed> $object |
| 259 | */ |
| 260 | private function valueObject(array $object, string $path, Context $context): Literal |
| 261 | { |
| 262 | foreach (array_keys($object) as $key) { |
| 263 | if (!\in_array($key, ['@value', '@type', '@language'], true)) { |
| 264 | throw JsonLdException::at(self::join($path, $key), 'A value object may only contain @value, @type and @language'); |
| 265 | } |
| 266 | } |
| 267 | $raw = $object['@value']; |
| 268 | if (\is_float($raw) && !is_finite($raw)) { |
| 269 | // json_decode turns 1e400 into INF; RDF has no lexical form for it (AR-023). |
| 270 | throw JsonLdException::at($path, 'A number must be finite'); |
| 271 | } |
| 272 | if (!\is_string($raw) && !\is_bool($raw) && !\is_int($raw) && !\is_float($raw)) { |
| 273 | throw JsonLdException::at(self::join($path, '@value'), '@value must be a string, number or boolean'); |
| 274 | } |
| 275 | $hasType = \array_key_exists('@type', $object); |
| 276 | $hasLanguage = \array_key_exists('@language', $object); |
| 277 | if ($hasType && $hasLanguage) { |
| 278 | throw JsonLdException::at($path, 'A value object cannot have both @type and @language'); |
| 279 | } |
| 280 | if ($hasLanguage) { |
| 281 | $language = $object['@language']; |
| 282 | if (!\is_string($language) || $language === '' || !\is_string($raw)) { |
| 283 | throw JsonLdException::at(self::join($path, '@language'), 'A language-tagged value must be a string with a non-empty language tag'); |
| 284 | } |
| 285 | |
| 286 | return new Literal($raw, null, $language); |
| 287 | } |
| 288 | if ($hasType) { |
| 289 | $type = $object['@type']; |
| 290 | if (!\is_string($type) || $type === '') { |
| 291 | throw JsonLdException::at(self::join($path, '@type'), '@type of a value object must be a non-empty string'); |
| 292 | } |
| 293 | |
| 294 | return new Literal(self::lexical($raw), $context->expandIri($type, self::join($path, '@type'), vocabRelative: true)); |
| 295 | } |
| 296 | if (\is_string($raw)) { |
| 297 | // An explicit value object without @language is a plain string; the context's default |
| 298 | // language applies to bare strings only (value expansion, R7-003). |
| 299 | return Literal::string($raw); |
| 300 | } |
| 301 | if (\is_bool($raw)) { |
| 302 | return Literal::boolean($raw); |
| 303 | } |
| 304 | if (\is_int($raw)) { |
| 305 | return Literal::integer($raw); |
| 306 | } |
| 307 | |
| 308 | return Literal::double($raw); |
| 309 | } |
| 310 | |
| 311 | private static function lexical(string|int|float|bool $raw): string |
| 312 | { |
| 313 | return match (true) { |
| 314 | \is_bool($raw) => $raw ? 'true' : 'false', |
| 315 | \is_float($raw) => Literal::formatDouble($raw), |
| 316 | default => (string) $raw, |
| 317 | }; |
| 318 | } |
| 319 | |
| 320 | /** |
| 321 | * @return list<string> |
| 322 | */ |
| 323 | private function strings(mixed $value, string $path): array |
| 324 | { |
| 325 | $values = \is_array($value) && array_is_list($value) ? $value : [$value]; |
| 326 | $out = []; |
| 327 | foreach ($values as $item) { |
| 328 | if (!\is_string($item) || $item === '') { |
| 329 | throw JsonLdException::at($path, '@type values must be non-empty strings'); |
| 330 | } |
| 331 | $out[] = $item; |
| 332 | } |
| 333 | |
| 334 | return $out; |
| 335 | } |
| 336 | |
| 337 | private function freshBlankNode(): BlankNode |
| 338 | { |
| 339 | return new BlankNode('b' . $this->counter++); |
| 340 | } |
| 341 | |
| 342 | private static function join(string $path, string $key): string |
| 343 | { |
| 344 | return $path === '' ? $key : $path . '.' . $key; |
| 345 | } |
| 346 | } |